Linux admin

โดย ชิตพงษ์ กิตตินราดร | กันยายน 2563

หน้านี้จะรวมคำสั่งพื้นฐานในการใช้งาน Linux ด้วย shell เช่น Bash, Zsh, และ Fish เพื่อเป็นพื้นฐานในการเขียนโค้ดและ deploy บนเว็บต่อไป

Files and Directory

List directory: ls

• show all: ls -a
• show as detailed list: ls -l
• show human-readable size: ls -h

Make directory: mkdir

Remove directory: rmdir

Copy: cp [filename] [target]

Move: mv [filename] [target]

Remove: rm [filename]

Copy or move many files at once: cp {[file1],[file2],[file3]} target

Recursive remove dir: rm -rfv target/

Text display

Show file content: cat [filename]

Show file content with backward/forward movement: less [filename]

Show tail of file with n-lines: tail -[# of lines] [filename]

Show tail of file and live update: tail -f [filename]

Show only lines with specific string: [command-to-std-output] | grep [string]

File system

Show disk usage in partitions: df -h

Show memory usage: free -m

Show processes: top or htop*

Show Linux version information: uname -a or neofetch*

Compression

Compress: tar -czvf target.tar.gz [file(s)]

Uncompress: tar -xzvf target.tar.gz

SSH

Connect to remote: ssh -i pemfile.pem username@host

Copy file from remote: scp -i pemfile.pem username@host:/path/to/file /path/to/destination

Fonts

Install fonts by copy font directory to .local/share/fonts

Refresh font cache: fc-cache -f -v

PATH environment

View PATH: echo $PATH

Bash shell:

• Add PATH: export PATH=$PATH:/path/to/bin
• Persist PATH: add path command to ~/.bashrc or ~/.bash_profile

Fish shell:

• View environments: printenv or sudo printenv
• Add PATH: set PATH /path/to/bin $PATH
• Persist PATH: add path command to ~/.config/fish/config.fish

Shell function

Fish shell:

Create a function in ~/.config/fish/functions/funcname.fish

In funcname.fish:

function funcname
    ls -lh $argv
end

Package management

Debian-based

• Update repo: sudo apt update
• Upgrade repo: sudo apt upgrade
• Install package: sudo apt install [package]
• Remove package: sudo apt remove [package]
• Remove package and purge config files: sudo apt remove --purge [package]
• Clean repo cache: sudo apt clean
• Remove orphan packages: sudo apt autoremove

Arc-based

• Update and upgrade (“sync”) official repo: sudo pacman -Syu or yay -Syu* to also include AUR repo
• Install package from official repo: sudo pacman -S [package]
• Install package from AUR: yay -S [package]
• Remove package along with its dependencies: sudo pacman -Rs [package]
• Clean repo cache: sudo pacman -Scc or yay -Scc to also clean AUR cache
• List installed package within official repo: pacman -Qm
• List installed package within AUR: pacman -Qn
• Remove orphan packages and their config files: pacman -Qtdq | pacman -Rns -

Python

Virtual environment

• Create venv: python3 -m venv ~/.venv/envname
• Activate venv (Bash shell): source ~/.venv/envname/bin/activate
• Activate venv (Fish shell): source ~/.venv/envname/bin/activate.fish
• Deactivate venv: deactivate

Package management

• List package: pip list
• Install package: pip install [packagename]
• List outdated packages: pip list --outdated
• Upgrade outdated package: pip install --upgrade [packagename]
• Remove package: pip remove [packagename]
• Show package information: pip show [packagename]

หน้าแรก | Virtual Environment (venv)